Disposable Electrochemical Sensors for Biomedical Applications

Disposable electrodes have been used by a large number of scientists in the development of portable electroanalytical devices in recent years. Their applications in point-of-care diagnostics and on-site analytical monitoring play an important role in fields such as biomedical, pharmaceutical, industrial, cultural heritage food, and environmental safety. The disposable electrodes have important features. They are portable, useful, and can be easily produced. These properties have drastically affected the electrochemical sensors, the materials used, and their manufacturing ways. Today, it has become possible to monitor mustard gas and glucose in the blood with wearable origami sensors, due to single-use electrodes. There are several types of disposable electrodes like carbon paper electrodes, screen printed electrodes, indium-tin-oxide electrodes, pencil graphite electrodes, and other types such as water-based, etc. These electrodes are modified with various nanomaterials or used as bare electrodes for the determination of many analytes. In this chapter, some selected disposable electrode types and their application for the determination of many analytes in the last ten years are given in detail.