Synthesis and Characterization of Nanomaterials for Electrochemical Sensors

Sensors are devices composed of an active sensing material and a signal transducer. Electrochemical sensors produce electrical signals, which can be converted into digital signals for further processing. Electrochemical sensors are more advantageous than other types of sensors because the electrodes can sense the materials within the host without causing any damage. Furthermore, electrochemical devices are unique in their capacity to satisfy the size, cost, and low volume and show great promise for a wide range of biomedical or environmental applications. Many nanomaterials have been fabricated successfully with unique electrochemical behavior in recent years. Nanomaterials possess unique physicochemical and electrical properties; thus, electrochemical biosensors containing nanomaterials can optimize response speed, sensitivity, and selectivity to detect contaminants in complex samples. Nanomaterials have been developed into a significant tool for understanding electrochemical behavior in electroactive systems with the help of modern electroanalytical techniques. Numerous synthetic methods and characterization techniques are available for synthesizing and characterizing these nanomaterials used as electrochemical sensors.