Photochemistry of Nanomaterials: Environmental Impacts
Author(s):
- Matthew TarrEurofins Professor of Analytical Chemistry & Vice President for Research and Economic DevelopmentUniversity of New OrleansEmail: [email protected]More by Matthew Tarr
Publication Date:
March 3, 2022
Copyright ©
2022 American Chemical Society
eISBN:
9780841299207
DOI:
10.1021/acsinfocus.7e5012
Read Time:
six to seven hours
Collection:
1
Publisher:
American Chemical Society
The presence of nanomaterials, whether designed for photochemistry or not, can have dramatic impacts on environmental, plant, and animal systems. In order to fully utilize nanomaterials for photochemical and other applications, it is necessary to design and manage them in a way that avoids undesirable or unexpected consequences. To provide a solid foundation, this book covers basic principles of photochemistry and fundamentals of nanomaterials and then provides insight into photochemical based nanomaterial applications and environmental behavior of nanomaterials.
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Detailed Table of Contents
About the Series
Preface
Chapter 1.
Overview of Photochemistry in Nanomaterials
1.1
Introduction
1.2
Major Industrial Applications of Photochemistry
1.2.1
Role of Solar-Based Nanomaterials in Industrial Applications
1.2.1.1
Agriculture
1.2.1.2
Energy
1.2.1.3
Pollutant Remediation
1.2.2
Other Sectors
1.2.2.1
Smart Nanotechnology
1.3
Challenges for Nanomaterial-Based Photochemistry
1.3.1
Toxicity and Environmental Impact
1.3.2
Overlap with Sunlight
1.3.3
Earth Abundance
1.3.4
Materials Discovery
1.3.5
Material Lifetime
1.3.6
Cost
1.4
Unintended Consequences of Nanomaterial-Based Photochemical Technologies
1.5
Current Successful Nanotechnology Applications
1.6
Projections for Current and Future Markets
1.7
Insider Q&A: Dr. Sunita Saytapal
1.8
That’s a Wrap
1.9
Read These Next
Chapter 2.
Brief Principles of Photochemistry
2.1
Introduction
2.2
Electromagnetic Radiation
2.3
Absorbance
2.4
Excited States
2.5
Reaction/Relaxation Processes
2.6
Direct and Indirect Photolysis
2.7
Reactive Transients
2.7.1
Formation of Reactive Oxygen Species
2.7.2
Types of Reactive Oxygen Species
2.7.2.1
Superoxide Anion Radical
2.7.2.2
Hydroxyl Radical
2.7.2.3
Singlet Oxygen
2.8
Photocatalysis
2.8.1
Examples
2.8.1.1
TiO2
2.8.1.2
Ag
2.8.1.3
ZnO
2.8.2
Applications
2.8.2.1
Wastewater Treatment
2.8.2.2
Energy Harvesting
2.8.2.3
Water Splitting
2.8.3
Challenges and Opportunities
2.9
That’s a Wrap
2.10
Read These Next
Chapter 3.
Fundamentals and Unique Properties of Nanomaterials
3.1
Introduction
3.2
Insider Q&A: Heather Shipley
3.3
Definition of Nano
3.4
Examples
3.4.1
Natural
3.4.2
Synthetic/Engineered
3.4.3
Challenges and Opportunities
3.5
Environmental Behavior
3.6
Environmental and Health Impacts
3.7
Interaction with Light
3.7.1
Recombination and Defects
3.7.2
Absorbance
3.7.3
Scattering
3.8
Chemistry
3.9
Applications
3.9.1
Agricultural Production and Crop Protection
3.9.2
Environmental Remediation
3.9.3
Insider Q&A: Christie M. Sayes
3.10
Production
3.11
Environmental and Health Issues
3.12
That’s a Wrap
3.13
Read These Next
Chapter 4.
Solar Energy Harvesting
4.1
Introduction
4.2
Types of Solar Energy Conversion
4.2.1
Photovoltaics versus Photocatalysts
4.3
Examples of Photovoltaics
4.3.1
Crystalline Si
4.3.2
Amorphous Si
4.3.3
Thin-Film Photovoltaics
4.3.4
Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells
4.3.5
Polymer/Organic
4.4
Solar Energy Conversion Using Photocatalysts
4.4.1
Recombination and Defects
4.4.2
Examples
4.4.2.1
Hierarchical Nanostructures
4.4.2.2
Nonmetal Photocatalysts
4.5
Environmental Challenges
4.6
Opportunities
4.7
That’s a Wrap
4.8
Read These Next
Chapter 5.
Nanomaterials in Photocatalysis
5.1
Introduction
5.2
Key Parameters
5.2.1
Absorbance Spectrum/Band Gap
5.2.2
Recombination and Trap States
5.2.3
Stability
5.2.4
Toxicity
5.2.5
Cost and Abundance
5.3
Impacts of Nano
5.3.1
Absorbance and Quantum Confinement
5.3.2
Scattering
5.3.3
Impact of Metal Nanoparticles
5.3.4
Quantum Dots
5.3.5
Excited State Transfer Rate
5.3.6
Surface Area and Kinetics
5.4
Examples
5.4.1
TiO2
5.4.2
ZnO
5.4.3
Other
5.4.4
Composite Materials
5.4.5
Doping
5.5
Insider Q&A: Dr. Tina Brower-Thomas
5.6
That’s a Wrap
5.7
Read These Next
Chapter 6.
Nanomaterials in Water
6.1
Introduction
6.2
Nanoparticles in Aquatic Systems
6.2.1
Freshwater
6.2.1.1
Organic Matter and the Photochemistry of Freshwater Systems
6.2.2
Oceans
6.3
Improving Photocatalysts for Water Remediation
6.4
Processes That Interfere with Photocatalysis in Water
6.4.1
Absorption by Natural Organic Matter
6.4.2
Scattering
6.4.3
Adsorption Processes
6.4.4
Interference from Scavenger Species
6.5
Examples of Photocatalysts
6.5.1
AgNPs
6.5.2
Metal-Doped ZnO
6.5.3
PEG300-P/Ag/Ag2O/Ag3PO4/TiO2
6.7
That’s a Wrap
6.8
Read These Next
Chapter 7.
Artificial Photosynthesis
7.1
Introduction
7.2
Photosynthesis
7.3
Z-Scheme
7.4
World Energy Needs
7.5
Artificial Photosynthesis
7.6
Water Splitting
7.7
CO2 Reduction
7.8
Nanomaterials
7.8.1
Molecule-Semiconductor Hybrids
7.8.2
Perovskites
7.8.3
Quantum Dots and Carbon Dots
7.8.4
Plasmonics
7.8.5
Films and Nanosheets
7.9
Computational Approaches
7.10
That’s a Wrap
7.11
Read These Next
Chapter 8.
Environmental Photochemistry of Nanoplastics
8.1
Introduction
8.2
Nanoplastics
8.2.1
Primary and Secondary Plastic
8.3
Toxicity
8.3.1
Ingestion
8.3.2
Exposure
8.4
Spectral Response
8.5
Photochemistry
8.5.1
Chemical Changes
8.5.2
Physical Changes
8.5.3
Adsorption
8.5.4
Indirect Photolysis
8.6
Examples
8.7
That’s a Wrap
8.8
Read These Next
Chapter 9.
Future Challenges and Opportunities
9.1
Introduction
9.2
Insider Q&A: Juan Callejas
9.3
Environmental Life Cycle
9.3.1
Fate and Transport in Aquatic Systems
9.3.2
Atmospheric Transport
9.3.3
Arctic Regions
9.3.4
Toxicity
9.4
Effectiveness as Photocatalysts and Photovoltaics
9.4.1
Visible Light Activity
9.4.2
Low-Cost/High-Efficiency Photovoltaics
9.5
Modeling
9.6
Recycling and Reuse
9.7
That’s a Wrap
9.8
Read These Next
Bibliography
Glossary
Footnote
Index
Reviewer quotes
A starting point for students interested in nanotechnology and renewable energy technology
This is a well-written e-book with comprehensive coverage centered on the photochemistry of nanomaterials. This up-to-date, timely book will satisfy the targeted audience who are not experts in the field.
An important and impactful contribution to the literature
Photochemistry of Nanomaterials: Environmental Impacts is extremely useful for scientists attempting to understand the use of nanomaterials in photochemistry in various applications. I learned about photochemistry of plastics and how nanomaterials are affecting the environment.
Matthew A. Tarr is Vice President for Research and Economic Development, Eurofins Professor of Analytical Chemistry, and a Faculty Fellow in the Advanced Materials Research Institute at the University of New Orleans (UNO). He served as Chair of the UNO Department of Chemistry from 2009 to 2015. He started at UNO in 1995 after completing a postdoctoral fellowship at the Environmental Protection Agency in Athens, GA. He received his Ph.D. in Analytical Chemistry from Georgia Tech in 1992, an M.S. in Chemistry and a B.S. in Chemistry (summa cum laude) from Emory University both in 1988. Professor Tarr conducts research in analytical chemistry, environmental chemistry, free radical oxidation of biomolecules, and synthesis and application of nanomaterials for biomarker detection and photocatalysis. He also coordinates outreach programs that provide research experiences for undergraduates, visiting international students, high school students, and high school teachers.
Phoebe Zito is a National Academies of Sciences, Engineering & Medicine Early Career Gulf Research Fellow, University of Louisiana System Foundation & Michael and Judith Russell Professor in Environmental Chemistry, and affiliate in the Advanced Materials Research Institute at the University of New Orleans (UNO). She started at UNO in 2017 as a Research Professor after completing a postdoctoral position at the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory from 2015 to 2017. She started as a tenure track assistant professor at UNO in 2019. She received her Ph.D. and M.S. in Analytical Chemistry from UNO in 2014 and a B.S. in Chemistry from the University of South Florida in 2007. Professor Zito also spent time in the pharmaceutical industry sector from 2007 to 2011 as an Associate Chemist for a pharmaceutical company. Her research focuses on the photodissolution of organic pollutants in aquatic systems. This includes measuring rates, mechanisms and molecular-level transformations associated with photochemical processes governing dissolution and subsequent degradation of organic pollutants in aquatic environments. A major part of this research has been dedicated to applying unique analytical tools to understand and deconvolute complex environmental systems in the presence of pollutants, one of which included harnessing the power of metal photocatalysts as a remediation tool to break down organic pollutants using sunlight.
