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Photochemistry Essentials
Author(s):
- J.C. (Tito) ScaianoCanada Research Chair in Applied PhotochemistryUniversity of OttawaEmail: [email protected]More by J.C. (Tito) Scaiano
Publication Date:
March 16, 2022
Copyright ©
2022 American Chemical Society
eISBN:
9780841299443
DOI:
10.1021/acsinfocus.7e5031
Read Time:
five to six hours
Collection:
1
Publisher:
American Chemical Society
Written by Professor Scaiano, the Canada Research Chair in Applied Photochemistry at the University of Ottawa, Photochemistry Essentials is a concise introduction aimed at researchers and students who want to learn the essential principles of photochemistry, how to use light as a tool, and how to apply the concepts of photochemistry to their research.
This book is coming soon. In the meantime, please contact your library or ACS sales representative for purchase options.
Detailed Table of Contents
About the Series
Preface
Chapter 1
About Light and the Sources That Generate It
1.1
Introduction
1.2
Solar Light
1.3
Eye Sensitivity
1.4
Photobiology Spectral Ranges
1.5
Relationship between Wavelength and Chemically Relevant Energies
1.6
The First Law of Photochemistry
1.7
Actinometry
1.8
Quantum Yields
1.9
Sources of Photons
1.10
Light and Energy: Is Wavelength the Only Thing That Matters?
1.11
That’s a Wrap
1.12
Read These Next
Chapter 2
Excited States: Their Formation and Decay
2.1
Introduction
2.2
Orbital Occupancy and Excited State Energies
2.3
Light Absorption
2.4
Jablonski Diagrams
2.5
Electronic Configuration: Formaldehyde
2.6
Kasha’s Rule
2.7
Intersystem Crossing
2.8
Fluorescence and Phosphorescence
2.9
Understanding S-T Gaps: ∆EST
2.10
Franck–Condon Principle
2.11
Insider Q&A: Dr. Cornelia Bohne
2.12
That’s a Wrap
2.13
Read These Next
Chapter 3
Basic Tools for the Study of Photochemical Reaction Mechanisms
3.1
Introduction
3.2
Quantum Yields
3.3
Quenching of Excited States
3.4
Stern–Volmer Plots for Data Analysis
3.5
Effect of Dynamic Quenching on Lifetimes
3.6
How Fast Can Dynamic Quenching Be?
3.7
Static Quenching
3.8
Laser Flash Photolysis
3.9
Sensitization
3.10
The Paradigm of Organic Photochemistry
3.10.1
Valerophenone: A Representative Example of Typical Organic Photochemistry
3.11
That’s a Wrap
3.12
Read These Next
Chapter 4
Fluorescence and the Singlet State
4.1
Introduction
4.2
Anthracene as an Example
4.3
Measuring Fluorescence
4.4
Stokes Shift
4.5
Insider Q&A: Dr. Gonzalo Cosa
4.6
Role of Molecular Aggregation in Photochemistry
4.7
That’s a Wrap
4.8
Read These Next
Chapter 5
The Triplet State
5.1
Introduction
5.2
Generating the Triplet State
5.3
How Can We Tell if We Have a Triplet State?
5.4
Fluorescence from the Triplet State?
5.5
What Is the Typical Chemistry of Triplet States?
5.6
That’s a Wrap
5.7
Read These Next
Chapter 6
Photochemical Behavior: Three Case Studies
6.1
Introduction
6.2
Pyrene: Classic Fluorescence and Excimer Formation
6.2.1
The Pyrene Excimer
6.2.2
Other Aspects of Pyrene Photochemistry
6.3
Benzophenone: Accessing the Triplet State
6.3.1
Benzophenone Triplet as a Radical-like Reagent
6.3.2
More about the Excited States of Benzophenone
6.4
Ruthenium-tris(2,2′-bipyridyl)
6.5
That’s a Wrap
6.6
Read These Next
Chapter 7
Energy Transfer
7.1
Introduction
7.2
Trivial Energy Transfer
7.3
Dexter or Exchange Energy Transfer
7.4
Energy Transfer by Dipole–Dipole Interactions (FRET)
7.5
Achieving Proximity for Energy Transfer
7.6
Energy Transfer Summary
7.7
That’s a Wrap
7.8
Read These Next
Chapter 8
Electron Transfer Involving Excited States
8.1
Introduction
8.2
Basics of Single Electron Transfer (SET)
8.3
Dynamics of Electron Transfer and the Rehm–Weller Equation
8.4
Marcus Theory of Electron Transfer
8.5
The Closs Experiments
8.6
That’s a Wrap
8.7
Read These Next
Chapter 9
Oxygen in Photochemistry
9.1
Introduction
9.2
Making Singlet Oxygen
9.3
The Lifetime of Singlet Oxygen
9.4
Reactive and Unreactive Quenching of Singlet Oxygen
9.5
Singlet Oxygen Diagnostics
9.6
That’s a Wrap
9.7
Read These Next
Chapter 10
Beyond the Basic Principles of Photochemistry
10.1
Introduction
10.2
Norrish Type I Behavior
10.2.1
Di-benzyl Ketone (DBK): A Photochemist’s Favorite
10.2.2
Irgacure-2959: A Remarkable Free Radical Source
10.3
Simple Alkenes, Cis–Trans Isomerization in the News
10.4
Electrons Masquerading as Free Radicals
10.5
Photoredox Catalysis, the Millennial Star
10.6
Insider Q&A: Tehshik P. Yoon
10.7
Insider Q&A: Tehshik P. Yoon
10.8
Photochemistry Tapas: Additional Examples
10.9
That’s a Wrap
10.10
Read These Next
Chapter 11
Check Your Understanding
Appendix A
Deep Dives
A.1
Deep Dives about Light and the Sources That Generate It
A.1.1
Why Is the Sky Blue?
A.1.2
Bond Energies and Wavelengths
A.1.3
Beer–Lambert Law
A.1.4
Light, Energy, and Units Used
A.1.4.1
Units Related to Power Consumption
A.1.4.2
Parameters Related to Power (Light) and Their Units
A.1.4.3
Parameters Related to Energy (Light) and Their Units
A.1.4.4
Units Related to the Photopic Curve (Eye Sensitivity)
A.1.4.5
Parameters and Units Related to the Number of Photons
A.1.4.6
Spectrally Resolved Parameters
A.1.5
Transmission of Common Optical Materials
A.1.6
LED Spectra
A.2
Deep Dives about Excited States: Their Formation and Decay
A.2.1
Concentration Using Beer–Lambert Law
A.2.2
pH Effects and Isosbestic Points
A.3
Deep Dives about Basic Tools for the Study of Photochemical Reaction Mechanisms
A.3.1
Understanding Chain Reactions
A.3.1.1
Do Quantum Yields Teach Anything about Chain Reactions?
A.3.2
Fluorescence Quenching
A.3.3
Possible Forms of Stern–Volmer Quenching Plots (for Dynamic Quenching)
A.3.3.1
Read This Next
A.3.4
More on Diffusion, Encounters and Cage Effects
A.4
Deep Dives about Fluorescence and the Singlet State
A.4.1
Absorbance Choices to Acquire Good Fluorescence Spectra
A.4.2
Fluorescence Lifetimes
A.4.3
Molecular Aggregates
A.5
Deep Dives about the Triplet State
A.5.1
Oxygen Has a Triplet Ground State
A.5.2
Benzophenone Triplet
A.6
Deep Dives about Beyond the Basic Principles of Photochemistry
A.6.1
The Spectrum of Benzophenone
A.6.2
Ciamician’s Work
A.6.3
Amine Quenching of Ru-bpy
A.7
Deep Dives about Energy Transfer
A.7.1
Energy Transfer in White LEDs
A.8
Deep Dives about Energy Transfer
A.8.1
Naphthalene Spectra
A.9
Deep Dives about Potpourri
A.9.1
Photolysis of Organic Peroxides
A.9.1.1
Read These Next
A.9.2
Di-𝝅-methane Rearrangement or Zimmerman Reaction
A.9.3
Stilbene Photochemistry
A.9.3.1
Read These Next
A.9.4
Azobenzene
A.9.4.1
Read These Next
A.9.5
Carbenes from Diazo Compounds
A.9.5.1
Read These Next
A.9.6
Photochemistry of Nitroaromatic Molecules
A.9.6.1
Read These Next
A.9.7
Paterno–Büchi Reaction
A.9.7.1
Read These Next
A.9.8
Photoenolization of Ketones
A.9.8.1
Read These Next
A.9.9
Carbonyl Triplet Quenching by Aromatic Molecules
A.9.9.1
Read These Next
Appendix B
A Tutorial about Laser Flash Photolysis (LFP)
B.1
Interpreting Figure B.2
B.2
LFP Data
B.3
The Significance of Signal Intensity in LFP
B.4
Things to Avoid in LFP
B.5
Xanthone, a Convenient LFP Standard
B.6
Read These Next
Glossary
References
Footnotes
Index
Reviewer quotes
Very Intuitive
Photochemistry Essentials introduces a lot of terminology and basic concepts that other photochemistry books obviate.
An Introduction to understanding fundamental photochemical principles and their mechanisms
J.C. (Tito) Scaiano holds the Canada Research Chair in Applied Photochemistry at the University of Ottawa. Scaiano’s scientific career includes the publication of over 700 scientific papers, 2 books, and several book chapters. He is recognized for his work in photochemistry and nanotechnology, and his h-index is 89. His research interests include organic photochemistry, nanotechnology, catalysis, sunscreens, and single-molecule spectroscopy. Scaiano is the founder of Luzchem Research, an Ottawa–based instrument manufacturer. His research group of about 10 coworkers currently concentrates on the photochemical study of nanomaterials and catalysis.
